PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.